ADp : framework de audiodescrição poética

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes, 2019.Esta pesquisa propõe desenvolver um framework conceitual, composto por experimentos poéticos, aplicados às artes visuais utilizando a Audiodescrição (AD) como suporte. Este recurso é um tipo de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) direcionada às pessoas com deficiência visual, mas que também permite a qualquer indivíduo ouvinte enxergar o mundo através de percepções sonoras. Pouco explorada no Brasil, a AD prioriza aspectos técnicos para a sua construção, a imparcialidade é o principal deles. Audiodescritores e estudiosos brasileiros vem se orientando por padrões internacionais que, em primeira análise, não dialogam com os argumentos poéticos inerentes a esta tese. Assim, o trabalho buscou desenvolver experimentos singulares utilizando AD, com o intuito de possibilitar a abertura de novos caminhos para a profusão deste recurso de acessibilidade no universo artístico. A proposta geral se concentrou em reorganizar essa tecnologia em um recorte nas artes visuais, sem adentrar nas searas relacionadas aos preceitos linguísticos e tradutórios. Com isso, o objeto do estudo se situou em um campo volátil, onde sistemas de personalização ganharam espaços privilegiados. Esta variação de AD, denominada Audiodescrição Poética (ADp), foi estruturada em graus de "juízos poéticos" e arranjada com procedimentos laborais flexíveis. Os meios necessários para a concepção deste estudo e das ADps envolveram, principalmente, a abordagem metodológica do Design Thinking. Os referenciais teóricos partiram de temas ligados ao conceito (e produção) de AD; sua relação com as artes visuais, subjetividades, processos criativos, poéticas e experiências estéticas. Estes discursos moldaram a ideação de uma variedade de seis experimentos práticos organizados em um framework conceitual iterativo, que revelou informações relevantes quanto aos meios e recursos de produção de cada ADp desenvolvida. Os resultados se desdobraram em um projeto para a criação de aplicativo móvel colaborativo que tem o objetivo de ampliar o framework e difundir o recurso de AD nas artes visuais.This research proposes to develop a conceptual framework composed of poetic experiments applied to the visual arts, using Audio-description (AD) as support. This feature is a type of Assistive Technology (TA) aimed at people with visual impairments, but it also allows any individual listener to see the world through sound perceptions. Little explored in Brazil, the AD prioritizes technical aspects for its construction, impartiality is the main one. Audio-describers and Brazilian scholars have been guided by international standards that, in the first analysis, do not dialogue with the poetic arguments inherent in this thesis. Thus, the work sought to develop unique experiments using AD in order to allow the opening of new paths for the profusion of this accessibility resource in the artistic universe. The general proposal focused on reorganizing this technology into a cut in the visual arts, without going into the fields related to language and translation precepts. With this, the object of the study was located in a volatile field, where systems of personalization gained privileged spaces. This variation of AD, denominated Poetic Audio-description (ADp), was structured in degrees of "poetic judgments" and arranged with flexible labor procedures. The means necessary for the design of this study and the ADps involved mainly the methodological approach of Design Thinking. The theoretical references started from themes related to the concept (and production) of AD; its relation with the visual arts, subjectivities, creative processes, poetics and aesthetic experiences. These discourses shaped the ideation of a variety of seven practical experiments organized in an iterative conceptual framework that revealed relevant information about the means and production resources of each ADp developed. The results were deployed in a project to create a collaborative mobile application that aims to broaden the framework and disseminate the AD resource in the visual arts

Interfaces Cérebro-Máquina : design de interação baseado em concentração e meditação de usuários

Blucher Design Proceedings, v. 2, n. 2, 2015.De caráter teórico-prático, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar sinais cerebrais para embasar o desenvolvimento de interfaces gráficas. Para tanto, utiliza técnicas de processamento de sinais e reconhecimento de padrões cerebrais emitidos por um dispositivo de eletroencefalografia. A partir desta análise é proposto o desenvolvimento de Interfaces Cérebro-Máquina (ICMs). Estas interfaces são capazes de possibilitar que o usuário interaja com imagens e sons por meio de seus sinais neurais. Ainda, foram realizadas investigações quanto aos níveis de interatividade, relacionados tanto a concentração quanto ao relaxamento do usuário. A pintura Mona Lisa de Leonardo Da Vinci foi utilizada para compor os processos de construção das duas ICMs construídas. O resultado da interação do usuário ao utilizar as interfaces é a formação de padrões visuais e sonoros, atribuindo-lhes novas concepções, movimentos e sensações.From theoretical and practical nature, this study aims to analyze brain signals to support the development of graphical user interfaces. For this purpose, use signal processing techniques and brain patterns of recognition issued by an electroencephalograph device. From this analysis we propose the development of Brain Machine Interfaces (ICMs). These interfaces are capable of enabling the user to interact with images and sounds through their neural signals. Still, investigations were carried out as to levels of interactivity, related both to users' concentration and users' relaxation. The Mona Lisa painting by Leonardo Da Vinci was used to compose the construction processes of the two built ICMs. The result of user interaction when using interfaces is the creation of visual and sound patterns, giving them new ideas, movements and sensations

Hybrid kriging methods for interpolating sparse river bathymetry point data

Terrain models that represent riverbed topography are used for analyzing geomorphologic changes, calculating water storage capacity, and making hydrologic simulations. These models are generated by interpolating bathymetry points. River bathymetry is usually surveyed through cross-sections, which may lead to a sparse sampling pattern. Hybrid kriging methods, such as regression kriging (RK) and co-kriging (CK) employ the correlation with auxiliary predictors, as well as inter-variable correlation, to improve the predictions of the target variable. In this study, we use the orthogonal distance of a (x, y) point to the river centerline as a covariate for RK and CK. Given that riverbed elevation variability is abrupt transversely to the flow direction, it is expected that the greater the Euclidean distance of a point to the thalweg, the greater the bed elevation will be. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the use of the proposed covariate improves the spatial prediction of riverbed topography. In order to asses such premise, we perform an external validation. Transversal cross-sections are used to make the spatial predictions, and the point data surveyed between sections are used for testing. We compare the results from CK and RK to the ones obtained from ordinary kriging (OK). The validation indicates that RK yields the lowest RMSE among the interpolators. RK predictions represent the thalweg between cross-sections, whereas the other methods under-predict the river thalweg depth. Therefore, we conclude that RK provides a simple approach for enhancing the quality of the spatial prediction from sparse bathymetry data

Determination of vegetation cover index under different soil management systems of cover plants by using an unmanned aerial vehicle with an onboard digital photographic camera

The permanent monitoring of vegetation cover is important to guarantee a sustainable management of agricultural activities, with a relevant role in the reduction of water erosion. This monitoring can be carried out through different indicators such as vegetation cover indices. In this study, the vegetation cover index was obtained using uncalibrated RGB images generated from a digital photographic camera on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In addition, a comparative study with 11 vegetation indices was carried out. The vegetation indices CIVE and EXG presented a better performance and the index WI presented the worst performance in the vegetation classification during the cycles of jack bean and millet, according to the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. Vegetation indices were effective tools in obtaining soil cover index when compared to the standard Stocking method, except for the index WI. Architecture and cycle of millet and jack bean influenced the behavior of the studied vegetation indices. Vegetation indices generated from RGB images obtained by UAV were more practical and efficient, allowing a more frequent monitoring and in a wider area during the crop cycle

Learning disorders related to exposure to general anesthetic in children

Background: There are many animal studies demonstrating increased neuroapoptose in the first periods of development, especially in stronger neural development regions. In young cobais neuroapoptose also noted, however, more localized area as the dentate nucleus and the olfactory bulb of the brain regions that show sinaptogênse even in adulthood and is responsible for learning. Objective: To describe the current studies about learning disabilities and cognitive impairment related to exposure to general anesthetics in children.  Method: This is a systematic review, performed from the search in the PubMed database using the keywords "general anesthetics," "neurotoxicity", "children", "young child" and "pediatric" with the criterion inclusion, published in the last five years, in English and related exposure to anesthetics in human children . Were excluded from the articles concerning the studies in experimental animals or that they focus on side effects of other substances on the central nervous system, such as alcohol.    Results: So were found 108 articles. All were analyzed by two researchers individually. Only 27 met the inclusion criteria. Discussion: In recent years, several studies have been conducted addressing neurotoxicity triggered by general anesthetics. The vast majority using experimental animals or stem cells. Suggest that both inhaled anesthetics such as venous are able to trigger the activation neuroapoptose with release of caspase 3:09, especially in phases of high growth and neural development. There is a strong association between duration of anesthesia and multiple exposures with learning disabilities and behavior. Conclusion: Currently, you can not say that the damage caused by agents in animals can be replicated humans. However, the severity of outcomes, the FDA recommends avoiding anesthesia and surgery in children under three years, at least those that do not have an emergency basis

Urbs e civitas: a formação dos espaços e territórios urbanos nas minas setecentistas

O presente artigo procura situar a evolução das abordagens acerca da cidade colonial mineira dentro da perspectiva mais ampla dos estudos sobre o urbanismo colonial português. A análise privilegia os trabalhos que, em vez de se aterem aos aspectos ligados à estética urbana, procuraram relacioná-los às questões fundiárias e à constituição das redes e hierarquias urbanas.This article seeks to situate the evolution of approaches to the study of the colonial towns of Minas Gerais placing them in the broader perspective of studies on the Portuguese colonial urbanism. Instead of restricting our approach to questions of urban aesthetics, the analysis focuses on the works that tried to relate these questions to aspects of land ownership and to the establishment of networks and urban hierarchies

Os primórdios da organização do espaço territorial e da vila cearense: algumas notas

This paper presents, in outline, the action taken by economic agents, representatives of the Church and the Portuguese State in organizing the space of the Captaincy of Ceará in the eighteenth century. The Portuguese State founded towns in strategic locations for better capitalization of the cattle breeder economy, where first settled sesmeiros and the Church. There was no reason or justification of geopolitical nature that demanded technical and financial investments by the Portuguese in the full adequacy of the local conditions to Portuguese urban guidelines. In the face of the late occupation, the article also discusses the late cartographic representation as expressing the lack of interests of the Portuguese administration in relation to a fuller understanding of the region

Neuroarte : interface ciberartística baseada em tecnologia eletroencefalográfica

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Visuais, 2014.Os avanços alcançados na área da neurociência nos levam a visualizar possibilidades criativas de desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados em Interface Cérebro Máquina (ICM). Utilizando técnicas de processamento de sinais e reconhecimento de padrões é possível extrair informações importantes dos sinais emitidos por um processo de eletroencefalografia. De caráter teórico-prático, esta pesquisa estuda e analisa os sinais cerebrais capturados por meio de um aparelho comercial de eletroencefalograma (EEG) para embasar o desenvolvimento de uma ICM gráfica capaz de possibilitar que o usuário interaja com imagens e sons por meio de seus sinais neurais. O foco deste estudo está, portanto, na experiência do usuário pela experimentação do processo interativo. Para isso, foram analisados os tipos de ICMs existentes, desde as suas tecnologias antecessoras até as atualmente disponíveis no mercado. Também, foram estudados os tipos de sinais neurais mais utilizados nessas interfaces. Para o entendimento da poética envolvida neste processo, foram analisadas obras de artistas nacionais e internacionais que utilizam dispositivos tecnológicos midiáticos. Estes estudos foram a base para a construção das ICMs criadas, indicando pré-requisitos, poéticas e parâmetros para o seu desenvolvimento, tendo como principal ferramenta o aparelho de EEG MindWave. Foram realizadas investigações e análises reflexivas quanto aos níveis de interatividade propiciados aos usuános, sob a perspectiva de concentração e relaxamento do usuário. A pintura Mona Lisa de Leonardo DaVinci foi utilizada para compor os processos de construção das duas ICMs criadas. O resultado desta interação é a formação de padrões visuais e sonoros, atribuindo-lhes novas concepções, movimentos e sensações, em um contexto poético. Por fim, são discutidos os resultados obtidos, e indicados futuros desdobramentos deste estudo. Desta forma, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa auxiliar no debate de conceitos e conhecimentos sobre arte digital.The advances made in neuroscience lead us to see creative possibilities for developing systems based on Brain Machine Interface (BCI). Using techniques of signal processing and pattern recognition is possible to extract important information from signals emitted by a process of electroencephalography. Character of theoretical and practical, this research studies and analyzes brain signals captured by a commercial apparatus electroencephalogram (EEG) to support the development of a graphical ICM able to enable the user to interact with images and sounds through their signs neural. The focus of this study is therefore in the expenence of the user trial by the interactive process. For this, the existing types of ICMs were analyzed from its predecessors to the technologies currently available on the market. Types of neural signals most commonly used in these interfaces were also studied. To understand the poetics involved in this process, works of national and intemational media artists who use technological devices were analyzed. These studies were the basis for the construction of ICMs created, indicating prerequisites, poetic and parameters for its development, having as main tool the MindWave EEG apparatus. Investigations and reflexive analysis for leveis of interactivity to be provided to users, from the perspective of user concentration and relaxation were performed. The Mona Lisa painting by Leonardo DaVinci was used to compose the processes of construction of the two ICMs created. The result of this interaction is the formation of visual and sound pattems, giving them new ideas, movements and sensations in a poetic context. Finally, we discuss the results and future developments of this study indicated. Thus, it is expected that this research will assist in the discussion of concepts and knowledge about digital